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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack is different, it will become a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that is as it ought to be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each the files that you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each one of these products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a file into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the products accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is private, and needs read the article to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make an electronic signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it's all of the evidence you need. PKI support is visit the website less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.